Semitic-based conlang

Phonology

The phonology is not very hard. There are about twenty-three consonants and seven mono-vowels (romanisation is between brackets "()"):


Consonants

Plosive: /p/ (p); /b/ (b); /t/ (t); /d/ (d); /k/ (c); /g/ (g); /q/ (k); /ɢ/ (v¹); /ʔ/ ('²);
Nasal: /m/ (m); /n/ (n);
Trill: /r/ (r);
Fricative: /f/ (f); /v/ (w); /θ/ (th); /ð/ (dh); /s/ (s); /z/ (z); /ç/ (ch); /χ/ (rh); /h/ (h);
Approximant: /j/ (y);
Lateral approximant: /l/ (l).

Some consonants are lengthened (which is important since it can change the meaning of the word) and aspirated:

Lengthened: /t:/ (tt); /d:/ (dd); /n:/ (nn); /r:/ (rr); /s:/ (ss); /z:/ (zz³); /l:/ (ll); /p:/ (pp); /b:/ (bb*); /m:/ (mm);
Aspirated: /kʰ/ (kh); /gʰ/ (gh).

About the vowels, there are also five long ones and eleven diphthongs:

Mono-vowels

Close: /i/ (i); /u/ (u);
Close-mid: /e/ (e); /o/ (o);
Open-mid: /ɛ/ (ë); /ɔ/ (ö);
Open: /a/ (a).

Long vowels

Close: /i:/ (í); /u:/ (ú);
Close-mid: /e:**/ (é);
Open-mid: /ɔ:/ (ó);
Open: /a:/ (á).

Diphthongs

/e/ diphthong onset: /ei/ (ei); /ea/ (ea); /eu/ (eu);
/u/ diphthong onset: /ui/ (ui); /ua/ (ua); /ue/ (ue);
/a/ diphthong onset: /ai/ (ai); /ae/ (ae) (ae); /au/ (au); /ao/ (ao); /aɔ/ (aö).

I have not worked on stress yet.

Grammatically speaking, there are thirteen cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, ablative, locative, vocative, instrumental, abessive, adverbial, comparative, equative, and essive), two grammatical genders (masculine and feminine), and three grammatical numbers (singular, plural, and dual). And there are four consonantal root groups (each group related to the number of consonants, i-e: group one is for all the mono-consonantal root words like "T", to fight). I also thought that maybe adjective predicates would stick with the noun, but I am not really sure...



¹ I know this is weird, but as seen later /v/ is represented by the letter "w", so I had to make a choice.
² I am not really sure about this one. Perhaps it will change.
³ May change as well.
* May change.
** This one is relatively new.

The vowels take their location in a root according to some phonotactic rules I set beforehand. For instance, here is how root words work according to the groups one, two and three (with "C" for consonant (the root, obviously), and "D" for declension):

Group 1 (root "T", to fight for the masculine, or to throw for the feminine):

Singular masculine: CD (Ta, a fight)
Singular feminine: DC (öT, a throw)
Plural masculine: CD (Tan, fights)
Plural feminine: DC (thöT, throws)
Dual masculine: CD (Tas, the two fights)
Dual feminine: DC (röT, the two throws)

Group 2 (root "N-S", to break for the masculine, or to shatter for the feminine):

Singular masculine: CDCD (NaiSi, a crack)
Singular feminine: DCDC (iNaS, a destruction (in a figurative way))
Plural masculine: CDCD (NaiSirh, cracks)
Plural feminine: DCDC (hiNaS, destructions)
Dual masculine: CDCD (NaiSim, the two cracks)
Dual feminine: DCDC (dhiNaS, the two destructions).

Group 3 (root "L-W-RH", to leverage for the masculine, or to open for the feminine):

Singular masculine: CDCDC (LúWeiRH, a profit)
Singular feminine: CDCC (LeWRH, a door)
Plural masculine: DCDCDC (saLúWeiRH, profits)
Plural feminine: DCDCC (inLeWRH, doors)
Dual masculine: DCDCDC (khëLúWeiRH, two profits)
Dual feminine: DCDCC (ayLeWRH, the two doors).

(As we can see, each root has at least two meanings, and maybe three, since I did not take care of the adjectives yet).